三孔导游词英文版2021
山东济宁曲阜的孔府、孔庙、孔林，统称曲阜“三孔”，是中国历代纪念孔子，是历代儒客朝拜之圣地，推崇儒学的表征，以丰厚的文化积淀、悠久历史、宏大规模、丰富文物珍藏，以及科学艺术价值而著称。接下来是小编为大家整理的关于三孔导游词英文版，方便大家阅读与鉴赏!
三孔导游词英文版1
Ladies and gentlemen!
Hello everyone! My name is Yiming. I'm your guide. Today, I will take you to visit the "three Confucius": Confucius' mansion, Confucius' temple and Confucius' forest.
Sage Confucius has a famous saying: "it's a pleasure to have friends from afar." I'm very happy to be a tour guide. I will try my best to serve you. Please criticize and correct the shortcomings.
Before visiting Sankong, please allow me to introduce Qufu. Qufu is located at the junction of Luzhong district and southwest plain of Shandong Province. Li Bai, a great poet, once described Qufu as "laughing and boasting of old friends, pointing to a desperate situation, with mountains and waters as green as orchids". Now let's visit the Confucius Temple. Confucius Temple is located in the center of Qufu City. It is a charming building built by ancient people for the great thought and broad spiritual quality of Confucius. It covers an area of 327.5 mu, with a length of 1 km from north to south. There are 466 buildings and 54 gateways. In addition, there are more than 1700 ancient trees in the temple, one by one rushing into the sky. It is said that anyone who dares to cut down one will be beheaded. Every tree, every door's name contains the thought of Confucius' benevolence.
The Confucius Mansion is adjacent to the Confucius Temple. It is the residence of the eldest son of the sage Confucius. It has three roads and nine courtyards. It has 463 buildings and a back garden, covering an area of 240 mu. Confucius Mansion, also known as "Yansheng mansion". "Yan Sheng" means that "Sheng Dao" and "Sheng Yi" can reproduce and continue,
After entering the gate of Confucius' mansion, there are three roads to the back of Confucius' mansion. On the East Road, there are Yiguan hall, muen hall, Confucius' family temple, etc.; on the West Road, there are red calyx hall, Zhongshu hall, Anhuai hall, flower hall, etc.; on the Middle Road, there are the main buildings of Confucius' mansion, the first half of which is the government office, and the second half is the inner house.
Konglin is a special cemetery for the family of Confucius, the oldest and largest family cemetery in the world. It covers an area of more than 3000 mu. The surrounding walls are 3 meters high, 1.5 meters thick and 14.5 Li long. There are more than 100000 trees and hundreds of plants in the forest. Among the trees, there are many steles and statues, which are very spectacular.
Now free activity for 3 hours, you can visit the "three holes" by yourself, you can also play games, picnics and other activities, but you must ensure health.
This is the end of the visit to "three holes".
三孔导游词英文版2
Dear friends;
How do you do!
Confucius said, "it's a pleasure to have friends coming from afar.". Today, with this famous saying of Confucius, I welcome you to visit Qufu, Confucius' hometown. I'm your local tour guide. I hope you can have a better understanding of the three Confucius culture through my explanation. I hope you have a good time here and have a good time. Before entering the scenic area, please allow me to give you a brief introduction of Sankong scenic area and Qufu. Qufu is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, with a population of 620000 and a total area of 890 square kilometers. The word "Qufu" first appeared in Erya. Ying Shao explained in the Eastern Han Dynasty that there was a Fu in the city of Lu, and Weiqu was seven or eight Li long, so it was named "Qufu". The tour guide service of the association, in 1012 ad, was once renamed "Xianyuan" county to commemorate the birth of Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation. In the seventh year of Emperor Taizong's Tianhui, it was also renamed Qufu, and has been used since then.
Wanren palace wall: now our location is just outside the South Gate of the ancient city of qufuming, which is called Wanren palace wall. There are four big characters "Wanren palace wall" right above the gate. "Ren" is an ancient unit of length, one Ren is about 8 feet, equivalent to 1.6 meters now. It is said that some people praised Confucius' disciple Zigong for his knowledge. After hearing that, Zigong said, "human knowledge is like a palace wall. My knowledge is only as high as the top of the wall. But Confucius, my teacher, has several walls. If you don't find its door, you can't see the beauty of the temple in the wall.". In order to show his worship of Confucius, Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty ordered people to hang the four characters "Wanren palace wall" on the wall.
1、 Confucius Temple
Overview of Confucius Temple: Confucius Temple is a temple dedicated to Confucius, a thinker, statesman and educator in our country during the spring and Autumn period,
Confucius Temple is the largest and oldest one. It has become one of the three ancient buildings in China along with the Forbidden City and summer resort. The temple is 1130 meters long, 168 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 150000 square meters. The whole complex is divided into nine courtyards arranged symmetrically. There are five halls, one ancestral temple, one Pavilion, one altar, two verandas, two halls, 17 stele pavilions, 53 gatehouses, a total of 466. The building area is about 16000 square meters. Confucius Temple is known as "solitary example" in the history of world architecture. It integrates history, architectural culture, art, calligraphy, stone carvings and ancient tombs. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of ancient laborers in our country. It is a precious historical and cultural heritage. In 1961, it was announced as the first batch of cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In 1994, it was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. In 2007, it was listed as a national 5A tourist attraction.
"Jinshengyuzhen" Square: it is the first gate square of Confucius Temple. It was built in the 17th year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty. It is 5.6 meters high and 13.5 meters long, with octagonal columns. On the top of the column, there is a armored animal guarding against heaven and evil. On the lintel, the inscription "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" is written by Hu zuanzong, a great calligrapher of the Ming Dynasty. The four words "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" come from Mencius. Using the meaning of Mencius, it expresses Confucius' consummate knowledge, just like the whole process of playing music, which is complete from beginning to end. Ancient music begins with the ringing of a bell and ends with the striking of a chime. Praising Confucius for his learning is like the sound of gold and jade. The sound of gold is the sound of a bell, indicating the beginning, and the sound of jade is the sound of a chime, indicating the end. This is also the source of the idiom "doing things from beginning to end". "Two cypresses bear one hole": passing yuzhenfang, this single hole stone arch bridge is called "Panshui bridge", which is connected with the water in the pan pool beside the palace, so it is called "pan water". In the past, when I read the book of Confucius and Mencius, I was admitted to higher education, which is called "entering hope". Officials hope to be promoted, do business, hope to get rich, and live a prosperous life. There is an ancient cypress on both sides of the bridge, so it is called "two cypresses bear one hole". After the bridge, there are two stone tablets on the East and West, which are engraved with "officials and people waiting to dismount here", and called "dismounting stele". In the past, civil and military officials and common people passed by, so they had to dismount and get off the sedan chair to show their respect for Confucius. "Lingxing gate": This gate is called "Lingxing gate". It was built in the Ming Dynasty. "Lingxingmen" was inscribed by Qianlong. There are two or eight stars in the sky, and the one in charge of culture is called "Lingxing", also known as Wenqu star. Connecting Confucius with the star in charge of culture in the sky is enough to prove that Confucius' culture stone is the highest. The ancients worshipped the heaven, first of all, they worshipped Wenqu star. There is a saying that respecting Confucius is like respecting heaven. You see, the square is 10.34 meters high and 13 meters wide. The columns are cut up and down. The intersection of the two sections is supported by a strong stone column. On the head of the column are the portraits of the four heavenly kings, and in the middle are the pearls of fire. It means that the door is protected by heaven. This gate was rebuilt from wood to iron beams and stone columns.
Dazhongmen: dazhongmen is the main gate of the Confucius Temple in the Song Dynasty. It was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. The three words "dazhongmen" were inscribed by Emperor Qianlong. Its original name was gonghemen, and later it was renamed dazhongmen. The large and medium-sized facade is extended to 5 rooms, which is a single eaves building on the top of the mountain. On the one hand, we can see the continuous expansion of Confucius Temple, on the other hand, we can see the historical evolution of Confucius Temple.
Chenghua stele: the Chenghua stele we see now is the most famous one in the Confucius Temple, which was set up by Zhu Jianshen, the emperor of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty. There are two things that have attracted the attention of your celebrities. First, Chenghua tablet's regular script is well written, standardized, exquisite and attractive; The second is the highest evaluation of Confucius. Emperors of all dynasties have commented on Confucius. The highest evaluation is emperor Chenghua. He compares Confucius' ideas and methods to eating, dressing and spending money. One day is inseparable from them. With Confucius' principles and methods, one can make the best use of one's talents, materials and land. Otherwise, it will be a mess. It is said that if there is Confucius' way, there will be a world. If there is no Confucius' way, there will be no world. If there is anti Confucius' way, there will be no world.
Tongwenmen: take the meaning of tongwenmen. That is to say, only with concerted efforts and unity can we do a good job; the writing should be unified, only with unified writing can we record the experience of historical communication, and random writing will lead to confusion. Tongwen gate is an important barrier in front of Kuiwen Pavilion.
Kuiwen Pavilion: the wooden structure building in front of us is called "Kuiwen Pavilion". Originally known as the library, Kuiwen Pavilion is a place for collecting the Secretary of the emperor. It was first built in the Song Dynasty. There are seven rooms on three floors. This magnificent building is made entirely of wood, without riveting. Like building blocks, it has become an "isolated example" in the history of Chinese architecture. After several earthquakes, was not destroyed. During the reign of Kangxi, there was a great earthquake in Qufu, "houses in the world are nine, but there is one". However, stands upright and safe, which shows the wisdom and superb architectural art of the ancient working people in our country.
Thirteen stele pavilions: now we enter the sixth courtyard of Confucius Temple. There are 13 stele pavilions and 55 steles. They were established in Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Most of the inscriptions are written in Chinese, Ba Si Ba and Manchu, which are records of the emperor's posthumous title and seal, temple worship and temple renovation. In order to show himself, the Qing emperor built the stele Pavilion in front of it, which led to the appearance of courtyard. This kind of architecture structure is called "intrigue" in ancient architecture. There are eight steles in the South and five steles in the north. Eight in the South and five in the north, so it is called the thirteen stele Pavilion. Because they were all stele pavilions approved by the emperor, it is also called "imperial stele Pavilion".
Dachengmen: now we enter dachengmen, "dachengmen" refers to dachengmen, which was rebuilt by fire in the Qing Dynasty. The three characters of dachengmen were inscribed by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty.
Master hand planted cypress: the cypress tree in dachengmen was planted by Confucius. According to records, Confucius once planted three trees here, and then two died. This tree withered three times and thrived three times. There is also a saying that "when the cypress tree grows more and more, the Kong family grows more and more.". The five characters of "the first teacher planted cypress by hand" were written by Yang Guangxun, a talented man in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. Apricot altar: the "apricot altar" in front of us was built in the Song Dynasty to commemorate Confucius' lectures. It is said that Confucius taught to his disciples under the big apricot tree on the platform. Because there are apricot trees around here, it is called "apricot altar". In the pavilion of Xingtan, there are two steles. On the front of one stele is engraved the "Xingtan Fu" written by Emperor Qianlong when he first came to Qufu, which is regular script. On the back is the running script inscribed by Emperor Qianlong when he came to Xingtan for the second time. Dacheng Hall: the hall standing in front of us is the world-famous "Dacheng hall". It is one of the "three main halls" in China. It is as famous as the "Taihe hall" in the Forbidden City in Beijing and the "Tianfu hall" in the Dai Temple in Taishan Mountain. Its magnificence is more than it can be. The hall is 24.8 meters high, 45.78 meters wide and 24.8 meters deep, with carved beams and painted buildings. The golden wall is brilliant, especially the 28 stone pillars around it. They are all world cultural treasures. They are all carved with whole stones. The front 10 are deep reliefs, with two dragons playing with pearls on each pillar. They are coiled and rising, lifelike, powerful and varied. In the past, when the emperor came, the Kong Family wrapped the column in yellow cloth. I'm afraid they'll be ashamed if they see it. The dragon pillars on both sides and the back porch are bas reliefs, with 72 dragons per pillar, a total of 1296. There is a statue of Confucius in the Dacheng hall. Every year, on September 26 and 28, we hold a grand international Confucius Culture Festival and a ceremony to commemorate the birth of Confucius. We perform large-scale music and dance for Confucius and "Xiao Shao music and dance" and hold a variety of cultural and tourism activities. Welcome to our time. Two verandahs: the houses on the East and west sides of Dacheng hall are called "two verandahs", which are places where the later generations worship the sages and scholars. Most of the worthy Confucians are famous figures in the later Confucian school. In the Tang Dynasty, there were only more than 20 people. By the time of the Republic of China, there were 156 people. These people were originally portraits. In the Jin Dynasty, they were statues. In the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, they were all wooden tablets with names on them, and they were consecrated in shrines. Now there are stone carvings of all ages on display in the two verandas.
Bedroom Hall: turn back along the corridor of Dacheng hall, then you come to the bedroom hall. The bedchamber is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius' wife. It is the third largest building of Confucius Temple. Confucius' wife was born in Song Dynasty in the late spring and Autumn period. Qi Guan, who had a compound surname, married Confucius at the age of 19. He was a good wife and mother and died seven years before Confucius. He was honored as "the lady of the supreme sage". Enjoy sacrifice as Confucius. There are 28 stone pillars carved with Phoenix. Each pillar is carved with 72 Phoenix, the same number as the dragon. So it's called "Long Feng Cheng Xiang"
Yuhonglou legal stickers: the 572 "yuhonglou legal stickers" displayed here are descendants of Confucius in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.
Kong Jisu collected the handwriting of the famous calligraphers of the past dynasties and copied it. These stone carvings were originally placed in the Yuhong building of the "Twelve Fu" in Qufu. They were moved to the Confucius Temple in 1951 and displayed in 1964. They are of great artistic value for calligraphy lovers.
Temple of Miracles: the last building of Confucius Temple. It was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and was presided over by the censor he Chuguang. There are 120 paintings and stone carvings in the hall, which reflect the main activities and remarks of Confucius' life. It is the first stone carvings with complete character stories in our country.
2、 Confucius Mansion
Front hall building of Confucius' mansion: it is the place where Confucius' 76th generation grandson Kong Lingyi and his wife live. Here you can experience the living room of the Royal Palace of the feudal dynasty. The existing Qiantang building was rebuilt in the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, with East and West buildings on both sides. It was built in the Qing Dynasty. Hung in the middle of the hall are four big characters written by Kong Lingyi, which means that the Kong family will remain prosperous and vigorous forever.
Confucius' mansion: adjacent to the Confucius Temple, it is the residence of Confucius' eldest son and grandson. It has three roads, nine courtyards and Confucius' mansion, also known as "Yansheng mansion". "Yan Sheng" means that "Sheng Dao" and "Sheng Yi" can be inherited from generation to generation. Large scale construction was carried out in the Qing Dynasty. This is the Confucian mansion, which is a typical building in our feudal society.
Confucius' greedy Wall: there is a unicorn shaped animal on the door of Confucius' house called "greedy". It is said that this animal is very vicious and can swallow gold and silver. Although it is full of treasures at its feet and around, it is still not satisfied and wants to eat the sun in the sky. It is really "greedy". In the past, Confucius painted greedy paintings here, and you can see them when you go out It is also a warning to our children and grandchildren not to be corrupt and pervert the law.
Hall: it is the place where Emperor Yan read the imperial edict, met officials, tried cases, and held ceremonies on festivals and birthdays. It displays the first-class nobility. On the north side of the wall, those gold lettered signs on a red background are the symbols of nobility and privilege, commonly known as "Eighteen cloud tiles". With these brands, Yan Shenggong has been able to travel freely in Beijing.
Second Hall: it was the place where Yan Shenggong met with officials above grade four and was entrusted by the emperor to take the examination of rites and music for the imperial court every year. There are seven Royal steles in the house, including the stele of "Fu Shou" written by Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty, the character of "Shou" written by the kind empress dowager and the picture of pine and crane.
Third Hall: also known as the retreat hall, is the place where Yan Shenggong deals with family disputes and punishes servants in the house. The plaque of "six generations of Han Yi" hanging in the middle of the house was written by Emperor Qianlong. At that time, six generations of Confucius lived in the same hall. This plaque means that the six generations lived in harmony and had a happy life.
Inner house gate: after the three halls, it is the inner house part of Confucius' mansion, also known as inner house courtyard. The inner door is separated from the outside. This gate is heavily guarded and no one is allowed to enter without permission. The emperor of Qing Dynasty specially granted three pairs of weapons, namely Huwei stick, Yanyi boring and Jintou jade stick. The gatekeeper stood in front of the door with weapons, and those who disobeyed the orders were punished severely. On the west side of the door, there is a special water tank, Shiliu, which is exposed outside the wall. According to the regulations of the government, the water bearer is not allowed to enter the inner house, but only pour the water into the inner wall of the tank to flow into the inner house.
Front upper room: it is the living room for the master of Confucius to receive his close relatives and Jinzhi people. It is also the main place for them to hold family banquets and weddings and funerals. The room is decorated with gorgeous furnishings, cultural relics and antiques.
Houtanglou: the residence of kongdecheng, the seventy seventh generation of Confucius. Kong Decheng was born in 1920. Less than two months after he was born, he was appointed by the then president Xu Shichang as the emperor of Xifeng. In 1935, he was awarded the title of "the most holy and venerable official of Dacheng" by Nanjing National Government. She married Ms. sun Qifang in 1936. Most of the time after that, he was in Chongqing and Nanjing with the national government, and moved from Nanjing to Taiwan on the eve of the liberation of the mainland in 1949.
Back garden of Confucius Mansion: it was built in the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty. After three major repairs, it covers an area of more than 50 mu. In the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, when Kong Qingfei, the 73rd generation grandson of Confucius, rebuilt the garden, he placed several large iron ores in it, so it was also called "iron mountain garden". Among them, "five cypress baohuai" is a cypress tree in the middle and a Sophora tree around, so it is called five cypress baohuai. It's a wonder in the garden. It symbolizes the Confucius family's family life of mutual love, mutual assistance and mutual aid for hundreds of years.
3、 Kong Lin
Kong Lin: it is the cemetery of Confucius and his family. It is the longest and largest family cemetery in the world. Konglin is located on the northern Surabaya of Qufu City, covering an area of 3000 mu. There are four types of Chinese classical architecture: Palace, garden, Mausoleum and temple. The Confucius Temple in Confucius' mansion embodies the characteristics of palace and Garden Temple, while the Confucius forest is a kind of mausoleum and garden. Confucius Temple and Confucius Mansion show the profundity of Confucius thought and the solemnity of your family. Kong Lin embodies the glory of Confucius and his descendants after their death. Since Confucius was buried with his wife, people planted trees for the beginning of Confucius forest. After more than two thousand years of continuous expansion of more than 70 belts, a large area of Kong Family cemetery Kong Lin was gradually formed.
Shinto: out of the north gate of Fucheng, there is a road leading to Guling, so you call it Konglin Shinto. In the ancient concept, Shinto was the channel sent by the gods when Confucius accepted the sacrifice. The whole Shinto is paved with green stones, and the ancient cypresses are arranged on both sides of the Shinto until the door of Konglin. They come in different shapes,
三孔导游词英文版3
Before I came to Qufu, many of my friends may have known a lot about Qufu and Confucius, but some of them didn't know much about them. Now, before I enter the scenic spots, I'd like to briefly introduce Qufu and Confucius.
Qufu is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, China. There are 620000 people in Qufu, including an urban population of 100000 and an area of 890 square kilometers. The word "Qufu" first appeared in Erya. Ying Shao explained in the Eastern Han Dynasty that there was a Fu in the city of Lu, and Weiqu was seven or eight Li long, so it was named "Qufu". In 1012, the fifth year of dazhongxiangfu, Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, in order to commemorate the birth of Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, in Qufu, he once changed his name to Xianyuan county. In 1129, Emperor Taizong of the Jin Dynasty renamed Qufu, which is still in use today. Qufu is a small city. However, Qufu is also an ancient city with 5000 years of civilization and culture. In this sacred and ancient land, there are four people left traces of the three emperors and five emperors in ancient Chinese legend. According to historical records, Emperor Century and other historical records, "the Yellow Emperor was born in Shouqiu", "SHAOHAO ascended the throne from the poor sang, called Qufu as the capital, and was buried in Yunyang mountain". Now, eight miles east of Qufu, there is still a pyramid tomb, SHAOHAO mausoleum. There is a Chinese saying that "people go to the top, water flows to the bottom". Can we understand that our ancestors of the Chinese nation migrated from here, from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River to the Central Plains, to the Loess Plateau, while our mother's rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, galloped down from the Loess Plateau, and finally flowed into the sea In fact, most of the sages in Jiangbei came from Qufu. In the feudal times of China, there were six saints granted by the emperor. They were Confucius, Mencius, fushengyanzi, shushengzisi, zongshengzengzi and yuanshengzhougong. The first four were born in Qufu. The last two were disciples of Confucius and fiefdoms in Qufu. Zhougong was the king of the state of Lu for 33 generations, and Shandong has been called Lu since then. Now there are many cultural relics in Qufu, including 4 national cultural relics, 11 provincial relics and more than 100 municipal relics. In 1982, Qufu was announced by the State Council as one of the first batch of 24 historical and cultural cities in China. In 1994, Qufu's "three Confucius" was officially listed as a world cultural heritage by the United Nations. Because of its important contribution to Oriental culture, many people call Qufu one of the three holy cities in the world: "Oriental Mecca". Here, you have to ponder, but also can not help feeling, because here is deeply rooted in the Chinese nation, deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture.
Dear friends, in China, in the East, a land with a history of 5000 years of civilization, you may not understand the inscriptions on bronzes, or what the human head and animal body represent or symbolize. However, when you walk into the life of the Chinese people and walk on the ancient land where the Chinese nation thrives and works to create, you can feel and touch the Confucian culture in the daily life of the Chinese people, and then you can experience the differences between the Chinese people and other nationalities in their way of life, customs and ideals. No matter from which angle or level you explore the personality and character of the Chinese nation, it is not difficult to find the gene of Confucian culture. In the long process of historical evolution, Confucian culture has almost become the synonym of Chinese traditional culture. The founder of Confucian culture is Confucius.
Confucius was born in 551 B.C. and died in 479 B.C. at the age of 73. When Confucius was 3 years old, his father uncle Liang he died. When he was 16 years old, his mother Yan Zheng died. Young Confucius became an orphan and began his life of making a living, studying and struggling alone in a hierarchical feudal society.
As a young man, Confucius studied hard and asked questions frequently. In his youth, he mastered the six arts of etiquette, music, archery, imperial, calligraphy and mathematics, and then mastered the six classics of poetry, calligraphy, etiquette, music, changes and spring and autumn, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Confucian culture.
At the age of 30, Confucius set up a school to teach students, and began a long education career. He was the first to give private lectures in China, to face the public, and to advocate "education without discrimination". He became the first great educator in China and the world.
When Confucius was 51 years old, he became a magistrate of Zhongdu county. Later, he worked as a prime minister in Lu. However, not long after that, he resigned and left the state of Lu to begin his 14 year tour of other countries.
When Confucius returned to the state of Lu at the age of 68, he devoted almost all his energy to teaching and literature collation until his death. Confucius's life is a life of wandering and suffering, a life of hard work and encouragement, a life of spring breeze and rain, a life of cultivating talents, a life of writing books and writing stories, and a life of saving the world. Today, although his body has gone up in smoke and ashes, his thoughts have penetrated into the hearts of every Oriental. He has cast the personality and character of the Chinese nation. With the development of history and social progress, Confucius will also guide mankind to stride into the 21st century.
There are many cultural relics and tourist attractions in Qufu, most of which are related to Confucius and Confucius culture. Now we are located in the South Gate of the ancient city of qufuming. To the north of the gate is the Confucius Temple, which is known as one of the three ancient buildings in China. There are four characters "Wanren palace wall" above the gate. Ren is an ancient unit of length, one Ren is about 8 feet. It is said that some people praised Confucius disciple Zigong for his knowledge. After hearing that, Zigong said, "human knowledge is like a palace wall. My knowledge is only as high as the top of the wall. People can see everything in the wall when they see it. But Confucius, my teacher, has several walls. If you don't find other doors, you can't see the beauty of the temple and the variety of houses inside the wall.". In order to express their admiration for Confucius, Hu zuanzong in Ming Dynasty wrote "Wanren palace wall" on the city gate. In order to show his worship for Confucius, Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty took down the stele and replaced it with "Wanren palace wall". This is the origin of "Wanren palace wall".
Confucius Temple is a temple built by later generations to offer sacrifices to Confucius. It was built in the second year after Confucius died. With an area of 327.5 mu, it imitates the Imperial Palace system. It is divided into nine courtyards and arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The whole building complex has 466 rooms, including five halls, one Pavilion, one altar, two verandas, two halls, 17 stele pavilions and 54 gate squares, with a length of about 1 km from north to south. Confucius Temple is the only isolated example in the history of architecture in the world, which is magnificent, large in area, long in history and well preserved.
Outside the east wall of the gate of Confucius Temple, there is a tablet saying "officials and people wait to dismount here". In the past, any official who came here, military officials would dismount and civil officials would dismount to show respect for Confucius.
The first stone square of Confucius Temple is called "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen square". Mencius once had such a comment on Confucius, he said: "Confucius is called jidacheng, jidacheng, Jinsheng and yuzhenzhi.". "Jin Sheng, Yu Zhen" refers to the whole process of playing music, which starts with striking the bell and ends with striking the rock. It refers to the great achievement of Confucius' thought of gathering ancient sages and sages. On the lotus throne above the stone square, there is a unicorn monster called "ward off evil spirits" or "roar from the sky". This is the only ornament that can be used in the Royal Palace of feudal society.
The first gate of Confucius Temple is called "Lingxing gate". "Lattice star" is also known as Tiantian star. The ancients worshipped heaven first. "Lingxingmen" was written by Qianlong. "Taihe Yuanqi" square is similar to "Jinsheng Yuzhen" square. The inscription is written by Zeng Mian, governor of Shandong Province in Ming Dynasty, praising Confucius thought as heaven and earth produce all things. There is a waist gate in the East and west of the courtyard, and it is written in the East that "demou is as big as heaven and earth, and his theory is the best in ancient and modern times.". This gate is called "Shengshi gate". From here, we can feel profound and profound. The word "holy time" is taken from the sentence "Confucius, the sage of the time" in Mencius, which means that among the sages, Confucius is the most suitable one for the times.
When you cross the Shengshi gate, you will face the small stone bridge, which is called Bishui bridge. There are two gates on both sides of the bridge to the south. The east gate is called "quick view gate", which means to see first. The west gate is called "Yanggao gate", which praises Confucius' profound knowledge. When we enter the gate, we call it "Hongdao gate". These three words are taken from the sentence "people can promote Taoism" in the Analects of Confucius. Weixing Gong, in order to praise Confucius for expounding the "Tao" of Yao, Shun, Tang and Wenwu. This gate is also the gate of Confucius Temple in 1377. Then there is "dazhongmen". Dazhongmen is the gate of Confucius Temple in Song Dynasty. Its original name is "gonghemen". Its meaning is related to Confucius' doctrine of the mean. Looking south from this gate, we can see the historical evolution of Confucius Temple on the one hand, and the continuous expansion of Confucius temple on the other. These buildings include Qing Dynasty buildings, Ming Dynasty buildings and Song Dynasty buildings. They were built in different times The craftsmen are different, but they all cooperate with each other and complement each other to form a whole. Looking at the Confucius temple architecture, we can see part of the development history of Chinese feudal society.
This monument was erected in 1468, the fourth year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty, so it is also called "Chenghua monument". It was erected by Zhu Jianshen, Emperor Xianzong of Ming Dynasty. The monument is 6 meters high and 2 meters wide. This tablet is famous for its exquisite calligraphy, and its inscription is written in the form of argumentation, which can be said to be the most highly respected of Confucius. Please look at the upper right corner. It says: "only the way of Confucius can not be absent in one day when there is a world." it also says: "the way of Confucius is in the world, like cloth, silk, millet and Shu, and people's daily use can not be absent.". The animal under the monument is not a tortoise. It's called _ 屭. It's the son of the dragon. It can bear heavy loads, so it's used to carry the monument. There's a saying that "a dragon has nine sons, but not a dragon". In the Confucius Temple, you can see the dragon and his nine sons. Local people often come here to touch _ 屭. They say: "touch _ 屭's head, never worry, touch _ 屭, never get sick.".
The wooden structure in front of us is called "Kuiwen Pavilion", which used to be the library of Confucius Temple. "Kuixing" is one of the twenty-eight constellations, with sixteen stars, "buckled and hooked, like a painting of words". Later, people evolved it into the head of civil servants. The feudal emperors compared Confucius to the Kuixing star in the sky, so Confucius was also known as "civil servants of all ages". The pavilion is 23.35 meters high, 30.1 meters wide and 17.62 meters deep, with triple cornices and four layers of brackets. Its structure is solid and reasonable. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, there was a big earthquake in Qufu, where "nine houses in the world exist, one in the world exists". However, Kuiwen Pavilion stands upright and safe, which shows the wisdom and superb architectural art of the ancient working people in China.
We are now entering the sixth courtyard of the Confucius Temple. In front of you are 13 stele pavilions, 8 in the South and 5 in the north. There are 55 stone tablets of Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in the pavilion. Most of the inscriptions are in Chinese, Ba Si Ba and Manchu. The stone tablet in the middle of this row, weighing about 65 tons, was collected from Xishan Mountain in Beijing. At that time, it was a miracle to transport such a weight stone tablet from thousands of miles away to Qufu. There is one gate in the East and one gate in the west of the courtyard, which is the third waist gate of the Confucius Temple.
Now we enter dachengmen. Dachengmen refers to dachengmen in the world. There are five gates in this row. The most western gate is qishengmen, which is dedicated to Confucius' parents. Dachengmen in the middle road is supplemented by jinshengmen and yuzhenmen. The middle road is the most central place of Confucius Temple, and chengshengmen in the East, which was Confucius' former residence.
As we all know, Confucius is a great thinker, educator and statesman. In our opinion, Confucius is first of all an educator. He is the first teacher in China. The feudal emperor named him "the most sage and the first teacher" and "the model of all ages". It should be said that he is a teacher of all mankind and is worthy of the name of "engineer of human soul". The "apricot altar" in front of us is said to be the place where Confucius set up the altar to give lectures, and the pavilion was built in the Jin Dynasty to commemorate it. The famous scholar Dang huaiying wrote the word "apricot altar". There is an apricot tree beside the altar, planted by later generations. In early spring, red flowers bloom and green leaves sway. Therefore, when Emperor Qianlong came to pay homage, he once wrote a poem praising it. The poem said: when the rice was in full bloom again, how could it be that there were many flowers in the world, and the civilization was prosperous all the time.
The main hall standing in front of us is the world-famous "Dacheng hall". It is one of the "three main halls" in China. It is as famous as the "Taihe hall" in the Forbidden City of Beijing and the "Tianfu hall" in the Dai Temple of Mount Tai. The hall is 24.8 meters high, 45.78 meters wide and 24.8 meters deep, with carved beams and painted buildings. The golden wall is brilliant, especially the 28 stone pillars around it. They are all world cultural treasures. They are all carved with whole stones. The front 10 are deep reliefs, with two dragons playing with pearls on each pillar. They are coiled and rising, lifelike, powerful and varied. In the past, when the emperor came, he wrapped the pillar in yellow cloth. If they see it, they will be ashamed. There are 72 dragons in each column, a total of 1296. In the Dacheng hall, there are four statues of Confucius on both sides. The East and West are Fusheng Yanhui, Shusheng Kongji, and the west is Zongsheng Zengshen and Yasheng Mencius. Another 12. Every year, on September 26 and 28, we hold a grand international Confucius Culture Festival and a ceremony to commemorate the birth of Confucius, perform large-scale music and dance for Confucius and "Xiao Shao music and dance", and hold a variety of cultural and tourism activities. Welcome to our time.
三孔导游词英文版4
Shandong, one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese culture, is a great land with not only famous mountains and rivers, but also splendid civilization in the long history of civilization. There are numerous places of interest and scenic spots in Shandong.
Dear tourists, ladies and gentlemen, you have worked hard all the way. Welcome to the Confucius Temple.
Dear tourist friends, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Qufu, Confucius' hometown, and thank you for choosing me as your guide. I'm Zhang, a tour guide of __ travel agency in Qufu. You can call me Xiao Zhang or Zhang Dao. Confucius has a famous saying: "it's a pleasure to have friends from afar." Now let me feel happy to meet new friends and provide you with tour guide service.
Confucius Temple is a ritual temple for Confucius. Confucius is a famous thinker and educator at the end of the spring and Autumn Period in China, and is respected as the founder of the Confucian school. According to records, Confucius was born on the top of the polder, like the shape of Niqiu mountain, so because of the name Qiu, the word Zhongni.
In his life of hard exploration of social practice, Confucius deeply understood and understood the society at that time, gradually established the basic system of Confucianism, and became a famous political theorist, educator and thinker at that time. The Confucianism he founded has a great influence in the history of China and even the world. In the second year after Confucius died (478 BC), Duke AI of Lu changed the hall where Confucius lived to "longevity hall". There were three houses, which displayed "clothes, crowns, Qin, Che, Shu" used by Confucius, and "because they thought they were temples, they were worshipped when they were old", that is, they offered sacrifices on time every year. Although Confucius was a well-known academic master at that time, Confucianism was only a school, and Confucius was not in a high position, so the original Confucius Temple was only the former residence of Confucius. After the Han Dynasty, the status of Confucius and Confucianism gradually improved.
According to records, from 220 A.D. to the time before liberation, the Confucius Temple was rebuilt and expanded for more than 70 times. After more than 2000 years of reconstruction and expansion, the Confucius Temple in Qufu formed a large-scale ancient architectural complex. It covers an area of about 140000 square meters, including 466 halls, pavilions, 54 gates and 17 stele pavilions. With its large scale, the Palace Museum and Chengde Mountain Resort are known as the three major ancient architectural complexes in China.
The overall layout of Confucius Temple is a long-term development of Confucius' former residence, which has a history of more than 2400 years. The architectural effect pursued by the development of Confucius Temple is achieved through the environment created by the whole building complex to set off the great achievements of Confucius and the profound and extensive of Confucianism and Taoism. Therefore, the artistic expression of Confucius temple architecture is firstly the integrity of its overall layout and architectural sequence; secondly, the treatment of its individual buildings and the pattern of each courtyard, and each hall, hall, building, door and pavilion fully shows their respective important role; The third is the subtle aspects of individual architecture, which fully reflects the unparalleled artistic achievements of Chinese ancient architects in design and construction. In the aspect of overall architecture, Confucius Temple adopts the ancient traditional palace style architecture. However, it has been rebuilt and expanded for many times in history. When it is rebuilt and expanded, it is bound to be limited by the shape, scale and other factors of the previous Confucian temple. However, the architectural group of the Confucian temple finally successfully utilized the heritage of the previous generation, which not only reflects the continuation of the historical heritage, but also maintains its overall integrity. This unique architectural form is caused by many factors. First of all, the Confucius Temple is an extension of the former residence of Confucius, which preserves many historical sites related to Confucius, such as the old house well, poetry hall, Lubi, Jinsi hall, and the apricot altar built to commemorate Confucius' lectures; second, the Royal ancestral temple factors, such as the halberd system, the front hall and the back bedroom system; third, the palace factors, such as the five gate system of the emperor, the turret system of the Royal City, the East and West Huamen, etc; The fourth is the factors of clan and family temples, such as Qisheng temple, Chongsheng temple, family temple, etc.; the fifth is the factors of sacrifice. In addition to Confucius, Sipei and twelve philosophers, there are also sages, Confucians and ancestors, with a total number of more than 200 people. In order to accommodate a large number of worshippers, it is necessary to set up veranda, thus forming veranda courtyard. In addition to the above factors, it also highlights the sage status of Confucius and the sanctity of Confucius and Mencius, such as panchi, Bishui, memorial archway and so on, and symbolizes Confucius' great academic achievements with the book building. Confucius Temple has successfully used the traditional combination of courtyard and environment, and achieved the purpose of rendering Confucius' outstanding contribution in academic and education and his lofty position in ancient society. It is a unique architectural form in ancient Chinese architectural complex.
There are more than 1200 ancient trees in the Confucius Temple, which reflect each other with the magnificent buildings. Especially in summer, thousands of egrets live on the ancient trees, forming another unique landscape of the Confucius Temple. Egrets have been designated as city birds by Qufu City.
Wanren palace wall
Jin Sheng Yu Zhen Fang
Jinshengyuzhen square was built in 1538, the 17th year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty. The four characters of "jinshengyuzhen" are written by Hu zuanzong, a scholar of Ming Dynasty. On the square, there is a light carved cloud dragon playing with pearls. On the top of each column, there is a round carving "ward off evil spirits", commonly known as "chaotianhou". Behind the square, there is a single hole stone bridge, on which there is a dragon, named "Panshui bridge". Under the bridge, the upstream of panshuiyuan is connected with gupanchi, and the downstream flows through the South Gate of Ming City Xishuimen enters the moat. The bridge was built in the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1677 AD).
The four characters of "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" come from "Mencius · Wan Zhang Xia", Mencius said: "Confucius is called jidacheng. He who has achieved great success has a golden voice and a jade. The first is the sound of gold, and the last is the sound of jade. " It means that Confucius is a master of sages and sages. The original meaning of "Jin Sheng" refers to the sound of "Zhong", an ancient musical instrument in China. The original meaning of "Yu Zhen" refers to the sound of "Qing", an ancient musical instrument in China. Mencius compares Confucius' thought to a perfect music. Here, to borrow Mencius' meaning, it means that Confucius' thought is perfect and integrates the achievements of ancient sages to reach the top.
Lattice star gate
Lingxing gate was built in the 13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) of Ming Dynasty. It was originally made of wood. In the 19th year of Qianlong (AD 1754) of Qing Dynasty, it was replaced by stone pillars and iron beams when Kong Zhaohuan rebuilt the Confucius Temple. On the top of the four pillars are the four generals, and on the middle beam are the fire pearls, which symbolizes that the gate is guarded by the generals and becomes a towering gate.
Lingxing, namely Tiantian star, was first seen in the historical data of the Han Emperor Gaozu's order to worship Lingxing. The ancients believed that Lingxing was a star that "the LORD was honored by the scholars" and was specially in charge of officials. In the sixth year of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (A.D. 1028), a Lingxing gate was built on the outer wall of the platform, which was like a window lattice. There is a gate in the Confucius Temple, which means to worship Confucius as heaven. This can be seen in the records of JINGDING Jiankang and Jinling Xinzhi of Song Dynasty. In addition, there is a inscription in the Confucius Temple: the Lingxing gate is set up to "dredge it to accommodate the corporal". Wherever there is a Lingxing gate, its door leaf must be made of lattice structure, so it has the meaning of dredge. The Confucius temple takes this meaning to attract scholars from all over the world to study here.
In feudal society, all the officials who came to Qufu to offer sacrifices to Confucius, regardless of their positions, had to get off the sedan chair and dismount the military officials to show their respect for Confucius. This monument was first erected in the second year of the reign of emperor Mingchang of Jin Dynasty (1191 AD), and now only one is left in the East.
Taihe Yuanqi square
Taihe Yuanqi square was built in the 23rd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1544 A.D.), which is of stone structure. "Taihe Yuanqi" was written by the governor of Shandong at that time.
"Taihe" refers to the combination of heaven and earth, sun and moon, and Yin and Yang. "Yuanqi" originally means the original material that forms the world. Later, some materialists called the five elements "Yuanqi" as "gold, wood, water, fire and earth". Everything in the world is composed of five elements. Here, "Yuanqi" is the combination of heaven and earth, sun and moon, and Yin and Yang, which is the basis for the growth of all things. "Taihe Qi" means that Confucius thought embodies the essence and the most noble aspect of human thought. It can make human thought reach a supreme position as the universe produces everything.
After Yuanqi square of Taihe, there was the "Zhisheng Temple" square, formerly known as the "Xuansheng Temple" square. There was no record of its founding date. There was a "Xuansheng Temple" square on the temple map in the 16th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (AD 1503). In 1729 ad, Xuansheng temple was changed to Zhisheng temple. This square is white marble. "Zhi" means supreme.
"Demou heaven and earth, Daoguan ancient and modern" means that Confucius contributed as much to mankind as heaven and earth. Confucius thought is unprecedented, and is supreme in both ancient and modern times and in the future.
Holy time gate
Shengshimen, originally the main gate of Confucius Temple, was built in the 13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) of Ming Dynasty, expanded in the 12th year of Hongzhi (AD 1499), and named "shengshimen" by Emperor Shizong of Qing Dynasty in the 8th year of Yongzheng (AD 1730). The gate is built on a high platform, and there are reliefs on the front and rear Royal Roads respectively. It is carved in the Ming Dynasty. "Shengshimen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty.
The word "Shengshi" comes from Mencius. After comparing four ancient Chinese sages, Mencius pointed out: "Boyi is the sage of Qing Dynasty; Yiyin is the sage of Ren Dynasty; liuxiahui is the sage of harmony; Confucius is the sage of time". Yi Yin helped Tang exterminate Xia Jie, assisted Wai Bing after Tang died, and established Tang sun Tai Jia to ascend the throne after Zhong Ren died. Because Tai Jia destroyed Tang FA, he was banished by Yi Yin. Three years later, Tai Jia repented and Yi Yin took him back. Mencius called Yi Yin the sage; Liu Xiahui was a senior official of the state of Lu in the spring and Autumn period. He had been demoted three times and remained in office. When asked why he didn't leave, he replied, "how can we go straight and serve people? Why should we go to our parents' country if we do wrong?" later, when Qi attacked Lu, he sent people to Qi to persuade him to withdraw. Without a single soldier, he withdrew from Qi's army, so Mencius said that he was the Holy One. By comparison, Mencius believes that Confucius is the sage of the time, the sage of the whole time, is the most suitable sage of the times, no matter in any period, any dynasty, Confucius thought should become orthodox thought.
Bishui Bridge
When you enter the Shengshi gate, it suddenly opens. In the large square courtyard, there are towering ancient trees, fragrant grass, symmetrical East and West, each with a waist gate. The three arch bridges on the opposite side cover the Bishui, and half cover the Hongdao gate. In addition, the stone bonsai is decorated on it. It makes people relaxed and happy, and they are all moved. They suddenly feel that they have entered the realm of "God". Those who worship the saints will look up to the top, and those who watch will see it first. Connected with this situation, the east side of the waist gate is called "quick view", and the west side of the waist gate is called "Yang Gao". "Kuai Kan" means seeing first, while "Yanggao" comes from the Analects of Confucius · Zihan. It means that Confucius' way is high and unfathomable. Looking up, the higher you look, the higher you study Confucius' thoughts and theories. Once you enter the door, you will feel that there is no end to what you learn. These two gates were built in the 12th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1499 AD). In the past, only the emperor could go through the main gate for sacrifice, and most people could only enter the temple through the Yanggao gate.
In front of a water across, three bridges longitudinal span, ring water has carved stone column, because the water "around such as Bi" named "Bi water". There is Jinshui in front of Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, where Bishui means Confucius Temple is the same as the Imperial Palace, so the third bridge is named Bishui bridge. It was first built in the 13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) of Ming Dynasty. In the 12th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (AD 1499), stone railings were added. The river body was built with a river bottom. The original river was built with small walls. In the 16th year of Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD 1677), the small walls were changed into stone railings.
Hongdaomen
Hongdaomen was built in 1377, the 10th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. It was the main gate of Confucius Temple at that time. When the Confucius Temple was rebuilt in Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt into five rooms. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730 A.D.), Emperor Yongzheng designated it as "Hongdao gate". Later, Emperor Qianlong inscribed the word "Hongdao" and erected a plaque on the gate.
There are two stone steles under hongdaomen. The East stele is the "history of Qufu county" carved in Yuan Dynasty, which records the history of Qufu before Yuan Dynasty and has high historical value. Xibei is the epitaph of Mr. Chushi Wang in Yuan Dynasty, which is of great calligraphy value. The two steles were originally erected in Jiuxian village in the east of Qufu City and moved to the Confucius Temple in 1964.
Da Zhong men
Dazhongmen is the main gate of Confucius Temple in Song Dynasty. It was built in Song Dynasty and rebuilt in 1499. The three character plaque of "dazhongmen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty.
There are three green tile corner buildings on both sides of the Dazhong gate. The two corner buildings are built on the square high platform in the shape of a curved ruler. The rectangular outline formed by the two corner buildings and the East and west corner buildings behind the Confucius Temple is the outline of the Confucius Temple in the yuan Dynasty. The main buildings in the Confucius Temple are within this outline. The turret was built in 1331 A.D. in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty. The corner tower of Confucius Temple is modeled on the corner tower of Imperial City, which means that Confucius Temple is as majestic as imperial palace.
Tongwenmen was built in Song Dynasty. It was originally three rooms, and expanded to five rooms in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty. It was called "shentongmen" in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, and changed to tongwenmen in the seventh year of Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1729 AD). This door is a single door, no wall on the left and right. In the past, in traditional Chinese palace style architecture, small buildings were often used as barriers before the main building to show solemnity. Tongwen gate acted as a barrier for Kuiwen Pavilion. "Tongwenmen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty.
Kuiwen Pavilion
, formerly known as the library, was built in the Song Dynasty with five double eaves. In the sixth year of jinmingchang (AD 1195), it was changed into three eaves and was named . In the 17th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1504 AD), it was changed into seven rooms. Emperor Qianlong of Gaozong of Qing Dynasty inscribed a plaque on the pavilion.
Kuiwen Pavilion is 30.1 meters wide from east to west, 17.62 meters deep from north to south, and 23.35 meters high. It has triple cornices, four layers of brackets, and eight octagonal stone columns under the eaves. The internal structure is a laminated wooden frame, with two layers of Pavilion and a dark layer in the middle.
Kui, the name of the star. One of the 28 sleepers. It is said that it is the head of the white tiger in the west, with a total of 16 stars, "buckled and hooked, like a painting of words". In the book of filial piety, it is said that "the article of Kui master", and later generations further described Kui star as "the head of civil servants". Therefore, in order to praise Confucius as a civil servant, Jin Zhangzong named the original library Kuiwen Pavilion.
Kuiwen pavilion has experienced hundreds of years of ups and downs and hundreds of earthquakes since it was expanded in 1504. In the West Pavilion, there is a tablet recording a major earthquake in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, "nine houses in the world, one in the world". That is to say, 90% of the houses collapsed and Kuiwen pavilion was safe and sound. By the early 1980s, Kuiwen Pavilion had been in disrepair for many years. Some of the wood was rotten and the top of the pavilion was twisted. Under the leadership of the State Administration of cultural relics, experts on ancient buildings were organized to work out a restoration plan. More than 1.2 million yuan was allocated to renovate Kuiwen Pavilion one year ahead of the original schedule. The renovated Kuiwen pavilion has completely maintained its original specifications and style.
There are two stone tablets in the East and west of corridor. Fu in the East is written by Li Dongyang, a famous poet in Ming Dynasty, and Qiao Zong, a famous calligrapher. In the west is reset books record, which records that in 1511, Liu Liu and Liu Qi led the peasant uprising army to capture Qufu and occupy the Confucius Temple. After they burned k's books, the emperor ordered the Ministry of rites to issue imperial books. In the late Qing Dynasty, the collection of books in Kuiwen pavilion was moved to Confucius' residence for preservation.
Kuiwen Pavilion is now on display with the pictures of Confucius' holy relics
三孔导游词英文版5
Dear guests
Hello! Entrusted by the tourism and reception departments, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all the guests visiting Qufu, a famous city. I am very glad to be accompanied by a tour guide. This is a good opportunity for us to enjoy and study together. Please leave your valuable comments after reading.
First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the history and cultural relics of Qufu.
Qufu, a famous historical and cultural city, is the hometown of Confucius, a great thinker, educator, politician, literature arranger and sage of the world in ancient China, the hometown of Mencius, the birthplace of Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the capital of Yan Emperor, the hometown of Shang and Yin, and the capital of Lu. Four of the three emperors and five emperors lived and worked here for more than 5000 years. There are abundant treasures underground and numerous cultural relics on the ground. At present, there are 112 cultural relics, including UN protected units, 3 World Cultural Heritage sites, 4 national protected sites, 12 provincial protected sites, and others protected at prefecture level.
The most important ones are "three Confucius, two temples and one mausoleum", "three mountains, two forests and one temple". Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion and Confucius forest are commonly known as "three Confucius". There are temples dedicated to Zhou Gong, the sage of the Yuan Dynasty in China, and temples dedicated to Fusheng Yanhui, the first disciple of Confucius, which are commonly known as "two temples"; Yiling is SHAOHAO mausoleum in Shouqiu, the birthplace of Yellow Emperor; Sanshan; and Jiuxian mountain (also known as Jiushan), the birthplace of Confucius. The second forest is: mengmulin, the best mother to educate children in the world, lianggonglin, the burial place of Confucius' parents; "Yisi" is the place where Li Bai and Du Fu wrote poems, answered correctly and parted. The famous scholar Kong Shangren lived in seclusion in Shimen temple, the national garden.
Now let's look at the Confucius Temple.
Confucius Temple, also known as Zhisheng temple, is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius and his wife Qi Guan and 72 sages. Together with the Forbidden City in Beijing and Chengde summer resort in Hebei, Confucius Temple is known as China's three major ancient architectural complexes. Experts said four words to Confucius Temple: the oldest, the most grand, the most complete preservation, and the most prominent Oriental architectural features. Two problems can be seen from the Confucius Temple: one is the great contribution of Confucius to China and even the oriental culture; the other is that China has craftsmen in history.
Confucius Temple was built in 478 BC, the year after Confucius died. In the former residence of Confucius, three temples were built to display Confucius' clothes, cars, books and so on. The Confucius Temple was expanded by emperors of all dynasties, including 15 major repairs, 31 medium repairs and hundreds of minor repairs, reaching the present scale. The Confucius Temple imitates the imperial palace. It is divided into three layout, nine courtyards. It has 466 houses and 54 gates and pavilions. It runs through a central axis from east to west. There are nearly one thousand steles, covering an area of 327.5 mu, which is two Li and 150 meters long. The Confucius Temple we see now is the scale of the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty. After liberation, the state allocated funds for maintenance and protection for many times. The first batch of national key cultural relic protection units announced by China were listed as world cultural heritage in December 1994, and became cultural relic units protected by the United Nations. Confucius Temple has been built for a long time, has a large scale, and is completely preserved, which is rare in the world.
Shinto. "Wanren palace wall" before the ancient cypress vigorous this section of the road is "Shinto". In front of important temples, there is a special way of respecting and understanding, which is called "Shinto".
Wanren palace wall. This gate is the South Gate of Ming City in Qufu, and it is also the first gate of Confucius Temple. It is hung with the four characters of "Wanren palace wall", which was written by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty. It comes from Zi Gong, the proud disciple of Confucius. At the meeting of the state of Lu, it was proposed that Zigong's knowledge was broad and profound, which could be compared with Confucius. Zigong stood up immediately and said, I dare not compare with my teacher Confucius. Human knowledge is like a wall. My wall is only one Ren high, and my teacher's wall is several Ren high. That is to say, my knowledge is equal to a shoulder high, clear at a glance, nothing profound; Confucius' knowledge is several times as much as mine, after detailed research, comprehensive discussion, we can understand all of him, after entering the door, we can see the beauty of the temple, you can't see it outside the door. In order to describe Confucius' profound knowledge, later generations changed from the master's wall to "hundred Ren" and "thousand Ren" to the emperor of Ming Dynasty who granted Confucius the title of "civil servant in the world, imperial teacher of all dynasties", and praised Confucius' knowledge as "ten thousand Ren". Looking up, we can't see the top. It also said that the wall was very solid. These four words were originally written by the imperial envoy of Ming Dynasty. In order to show that he attached great importance to Confucius, Qianlong replaced his imperial pen with his personal letter "Wanren palace wall".
Jin Sheng Yu Zhen Fang. This workshop was built in Ming Dynasty to express Confucius' exquisite and perfect knowledge, just like the whole process of playing music, which is complete from beginning to end. Ancient music begins with the ringing of a bell, which starts with the sound of "the beginning of order" and ends with the striking of a chime. The sound of "jade vibration" is the sound of the falling of the chime, which is called "the end of order". Praising Confucius' knowledge is a great achievement of the sages and sages, so it is called "the sound of gold and the sound of jade vibration". The sound of "golden sound" is the sound of the bell, which starts with the sound of "jade vibration" and ends with the sound of the chime. This is also the source of the idiom "start and finish". "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" was written by Hu zuanzong, a great calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.
"Two cypresses bear one hole". There is an ancient cypress in the East and west of the single hole stone arch bridge passing yuzhenfang, so it is called "two cypresses bear one hole". This bridge is called "Panshui bridge", which is connected with the water in the pan pool beside the palace, so it is called "pan water". In the past, when I read the book of Confucius and Mencius, I was admitted to higher education, which is called "entering hope". Officials hope to be promoted, do business, hope to get rich, and live a prosperous life.
Dismount monument. Outside the temple wall, there are two stone tablets, the Xiama tablet and Xiajiao tablet, which were set up in 1191 ad. The stele in the West had been destroyed, and the stele in the East said, "officials and people wait to get off here.". In the past, civil and military officials and common people passed by, dismounted and walked on foot to show respect for Confucius and Confucius Temple.
Lattice star gate. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in 1754 ad. it was made of wood instead of iron and stone. "Lingxingmen" was written by Emperor Qianlong. It is said that there are twenty-eight constellations in the sky. Among them, there is a star in charge of culture called "Lingxing", also known as "Wenqu star" and "tianzhenxing". It connects Confucius with the star in charge of culture in the sky and says that he is the highest in culture. For example, in the past, when worshiping heaven, we should first worship "Wenqu star". There is a saying that respecting Confucius is like respecting heaven.
Taihe Yuanqi square. This workshop was built in 1544 A.D. in the Ming Dynasty. It highly praises Confucius's idea that "the space universe can nurture all things.". "The harmony of heaven and earth, the harmony of the four sides, the harmony of yin and Yang" is the most basic thing, the harmony of the universe and the vitality of the human world. "Taihe Yuanqi" is written by Zeng Mian, governor of Shandong Province.
The most holy temple. The "Zhisheng Temple Square" built in the Ming Dynasty is made of white marble, decorated with flame jewels.
The world of moral Mou, the road crown ancient and modern. The East and west of the Taoist temple are lined with a very strange memorial archway. Surrounded by wooden corner edges, there are a thousand heads and ten thousand continuations. There are eight monsters under it, which are called "Heaven dragon and God lion". It is said that it is dignified and inspired, which can drive away evil and uphold justice. In the eastern memorial archway, it was written: "demou heaven and earth", saying that the benefits of Confucius' ideas to human beings are as high as heaven and earth, and the merits and virtues can be compared with heaven and earth. The memorial archway in the West reads "Daoguan ancient and modern", praising Confucius' thoughts and methods, which are the highest in the world.
Holy time gate. The three gates are parallel, the four platforms are the same as above, and the central Panlong. The name of this gate comes from Mencius. For the four ancient sages, Boyi, Yiyin, liuxiahui and Confucius, Mencius summed up the Four Saints' holy deeds into four sentences: Boyi is the sage of the Qing Dynasty, Yiyin is the sage of the appointed, liuxiahui is the sage of the sum, and Confucius is the sage of the time. "Shengshi" highly praises Confucius' thought, advocates enduring, and is a sage suitable for the times. When the emperor came to Qufu to court Confucius, he had to kneel down three times and knock nine times, and walk through the gate of holy time. When Yan Shenggong was born, he opened the gate of holy time. All go fast, the gate is high.
Let's have a quick look at the gate. That is to say, Confucius' knowledge of "Five Classics and four books" means that those who learn first have culture first, and those who learn first have knowledge first. They compete to learn, and it is a pleasure to see first and read first.
Look up at the door. It was named after Yan Hui's praise of Confucius. Yan Hui said that the teacher's way is to raise the top and drill the bottom. Praise Confucius for his lack of knowledge, which is called "Mi Gao". It is difficult to understand classical Chinese, which is called "Mi Jian". Gao is not unattainable, but can be learned through hard work. Yan Hui said, "the master followed the rules and was good at attracting people. He learned from me in writing and said that I was polite." My teacher is good at persuasion, teaching me culture and courtesy.
Han stone man. In the pavilion of yanggaomenli, there are two Han stone people with high historical value. One is the "Pavilion leader" (a local official of Han Dynasty), and the other is the pawn of the palace gate. They are all guards in front of the tomb of the king of Lu. The stone man is valued by the ancient scholars of epigraphy, which is of great value to the study of Han Dynasty clothing and writing.
Jinshui bridge, this bridge, with the same name as the bridge in front of the Forbidden City, is also called Jinshui bridge, also known as Bishui bridge, with three holes arranged in a row and green water rippling.
Hongdaomen. Crossing jinshuiqiao is the "hongdaomen" appointed by the emperor of Ming Dynasty, which means "people can promote Taoism, not Taoism" in the Analects of Confucius. Confucius is an ordinary literati, why become a saint? Praise Confucius summed up the experience of sages, especially carry forward the Yao, Shun, Yu Tang, civil and military Zhou Gong's way. "To say that people can command and create everything is to praise people's subjective initiative." There are two stone tablets under the Hongdao gate. The four edged stone tablet in the East is the "history of Qufu", which records the history of Qufu's evolution. It was established in the Yuan Dynasty and has high historical value. In the west is the "epitaph of Mr. Chushi", which has high calligraphy value.
Big middle gate. Dazhongmen is the gate of Confucius Temple in Song Dynasty. It is called "Zhonghe gate", which means that problems can be solved easily with Confucius' thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, the temple was renamed as "the great gate of the middle", praising Confucius' knowledge as a collection of human knowledge. In the middle, it means "the right way of the world in the middle, the theorem of the world in the middle". Those who leave the middle are not the right way, but the evil way. That is to say, no left, no right, fair and just, forward is the mean. There are two turrets at the East and West ends of Dazhong gate, which are used to guard the Confucius Temple.
Tongwenmen, four famous brands, Confucian temple. There are four monuments in the middle gate. The tablet of Hongzhi in the west of the Ming Dynasty talks about the ethics of the cardinal principles. On the right side of the Hongzhi monument is the "Confucian temple map" drawn by Li Dongyang, a talented man of the Ming Dynasty in Changsha, Hunan Province, which is of high value.
Chenghua stele was erected by Zhu Jianshen, the emperor of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty. There are two situations that have attracted the attention of celebrities of all ages. First, Chenghua tablet's regular script is well written, standardized, exquisite and attractive; The second is the highest evaluation of Confucius. Emperors of all dynasties have commented on Confucius. The highest evaluation is emperor Chenghua. He compares Confucius' ideas and methods to eating, dressing and spending money. One day is inseparable from them. With Confucius' principles and methods, one can make the best use of one's talents, materials and land. Otherwise, it will be a mess. It is said that if there is Confucius' way, there will be a world. If there is no Confucius' way, there will be no world. If there is anti Confucius' way, there will be no world. Such as the inscription said: "I only have Confucius's way, the world can not be without Yan, there is Confucius's way, then the principle of justice and ethics, everything has its own place..., Confucius's way in the world, such as cloth Su Shu, people's livelihood daily use can not be short of,... Born Confucius vertical for the holy, life's safety, benevolence and righteousness in the right, the rise of the teacher's way, from travel 3000, to the holy is the next."
Tongwenmen. The meaning of the word "human heart" is the same as that of the text. That is to say, only with concerted efforts and unity can we do a good job; the writing should be unified, only with unified writing can we record the experience of historical communication, and random writing will lead to confusion. Tongwen gate is an important barrier in front of Kuiwen Pavilion.
Kuiwen Pavilion, originally a library, is a place for collecting books granted by the emperor. It was built in the second year of emperor Tianxi of Song Dynasty (A.D. 1018), and was changed into "kui" when Jin Zhangzong rebuilt it. This unique and majestic building is entirely of wood structure, which is an isolated example in the construction of China building. After several earthquakes, kui was not destroyed. In the earthquake of Kangxi 5 years in Qing Dynasty, "nine out of ten houses fell, one out of ten remained, and kui remained motionless.". Li Dongyang, the Minister of the Ministry of official in Ming Dynasty, wrote "kui Fu", praising the architectural research value of kui. It's the stele at the east end of the corridor.
In front of the pavilion, the eastern and Western courtyards are called "zhaisu", which is a place for worshippers to fast and bathe. Dongyuan is the residence of Yan Shenggong, where Kangxi and Qianlong spent their time to wash. The West courtyard is the shelter of the sacrificial staff. Kong zhaoxun, the seventy-one generation grandson of Confucius, inlaid more than 130 steles in the temple for worshiping Confucius in the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties on the wall of the courtyard, so xizhaisu is also known as the stele courtyard.
Thirteen stele pavilions. This is the sixth courtyard of the Confucius Temple. There are 55 steles in the pavilion, which were erected in Tang, song, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The contents of the steles are the emperors, Imperial Envoys' worship of Confucius, the posthumous title and evaluation of Confucius. The records of the previous construction of the Confucius Temple are written in Han, Manchu, Mongolian and basiba languages. Eight in the South and five in the north, so it is called thirteen stele pavilions. Because they are all steles approved by the emperor, they are also called imperial stele pavilions. The third and sixth pavilions in the front row from the East were built in the Jin Dynasty and are rare buildings in China. All the steles are called "imperial steles". "Mian" is the mascot. It is said that the Dragon King has nine sons, and it is the eighth son. It loves "Wen" and is good at carrying heavy loads. The stone tablet has heavy characters, which is suitable for its characteristics. The image should be the dragon head, turtle body, Eagle leg and snake tail.
From the east to the north, the third Pavilion is a monument erected by Emperor Kangxi. Beijing Xishan stone by the Grand Canal, economic South and transported here. Experts calculate that the monument weighs 130000 Jin. It was splashed with water and frozen along the way from Jining. Sometimes it came over on the ice and only went to the land of lying cattle one day. Qufu originally had good stones, which should be transported from Beijing to show the emperor's attention to Confucius. There are two steles in the southeast and southwest of the courtyard, all of which are the records of the princes and ministers who built temples and worshipped Confucius. The calligraphy value is very high.
There is one gate in the East and one in the west, Yucui gate in the East and Guande gate in the West. Commonly known as Donghuamen, xihuamen.
From here, the Confucius Temple is divided into three routes. The five gates are Dacheng gate, Jinsheng gate on the left, Yuzhen gate on the right, Qisheng gate on the West and Chengsheng gate on the East. The architectural structure of dachengmen is "intertwined, intriguing". The center is inserted as "hook center", and the top of the left and right four corners is "bucket angle". The three characters of dachengmen were written by Emperor Yongzheng. Praise Confucius is a collection of sages and sages, reached the supreme realm.
The first teacher planted juniper by hand. The tall and vigorous cypress tree on the left of Dacheng gate was planted by Confucius. According to records: Confucius cut three cypress trees here. In the second year of Jin Zhenyou (A.D. 1214), they were destroyed by fire. The trees withered and sprouted new branches. There were "three withers and three glories", and there was a saying that "cypress trees were flourishing every day.". During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Guangxun, a gifted scholar, wrote five characters: "the first teacher planted cypress by hand.".
Two long corridors. On both sides of the two equal rows of houses, a total of 80, known as the "East and West veranda", is dedicated to 72 sages. Confucius is known as a disciple of three thousand, 72 people who are proficient in six arts, literature and martial arts, worshipped in the East and West. All the emperors of the past dynasties were entitled to the sages. Such as Dong Zhongshu, Han Yu, Wang Mingyang, Zhuge Liang, Kou Zhun, Yue Fei and so on. By the time of the Republic of China, there were 156. The last sage is Mr. Liang Qichao. The original statues and tablets were changed to wooden tablets. Dongxiwu now displays a collection of Zhonggui stone carvings before the Song Dynasty. The most precious national treasures of Zhou gongxunzi and bat practicing medicine are 22 stone inscriptions of Han and Wei dynasties. The "ritual stele", "Yiying stele", "Shichen stele", "Zhang Menglong stele" and "Mi Fu stele" with extremely high calligraphy value are rare treasures. There are more than 100 pieces of "Han Dynasty stone carvings" on display in Xiwu. They are all well-known art treasures and precious materials for the study of Han, Wei and other historical and social life. There are 584 stone inscriptions on display at the north end of the East veranda, which are the yuhonglou sutras written by Kong Jisu, the 69 generation grandson of Confucius.
Apricot altar. It was built in memory of Confucius' lecture. Confucius was teaching to his disciples on the platform under the big apricot tree. In 1018 A.D. of Song Dynasty, Confucius had 45 generations
