初一下册英语单词知识点

2023.05.15

    初一是英语学习的又一大阶梯，需要背诵的单词和短语越来越多。下面是小编为你推荐初一下册英语单词知识点，希望能帮到你。
    Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?
    ◆短语归纳
    1. play chess 下国际象棋 2. play the guitar 弹吉他 3. speak English 说英语
    4. English club 英语俱乐部 5. talk to 跟…说 6. play the violin 拉小提琴
    7. play the piano 弹钢琴 8. play the drums 敲鼓 9. make friends 结交朋友
    10. do kung fu 练 (中国) 功夫 11. tell stories 讲故事 12. play games 做游戏
    13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末
    ◆用法集萃 1. play +棋类/球类下……棋，打……球 2. play the +西洋乐器弹/拉……乐器 3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 4. be good with sb. 和某人相处地好 5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 6. can + 动词原形能/会做某事 7. a little + 不可数名词一点儿…… 8. join the …club 加入…俱乐部 9. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事 ◆典句必背
    1. Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
    2. What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club.
    3. You can join the English club.
    4. Sounds good./That sounds good.
    5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer.
    6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721.
    ◆话题写作
    Dear Sir,
    I want to join your organization (组织) to help kids with sports, music and English. My name is Mike. I am 15 years old. I’m a student in No. 1 Middle school. I can play the guitar well. I can sing many songs. I can swim and speak English well, too. I think I can be good with the kids. I also do well in telling stories.
    I hope to get your letter soon.
    Yours,
    Mike
    Unit 2 What time do you go to school?
    ◆短语归纳
    1. what time 几点 2. go to school 去上学 3. get up 起床
    4. take a shower 洗淋浴 5. brush teeth 刷牙 6. get to 到达
    7. do homework 做家庭作业 8. go to work 去上班 9. go home 回家
    10. eat breakfast 吃早饭 11. get dressed 穿上衣服 12. get home 到家
    13. either…or… 要么…要么… 14. go to bed 上床睡觉
    15. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/下午/晚上
    16. take a walk 散步 17. lots of=a lot of 许多，大量 18. radio station 广播电台
    19. at night 在晚上 20. be late for=arrive late for 迟到
    Unit3 How do you get to school?
    ◆短语归纳
    1. get to school 到达学校
    2. take the subway 乘地铁
    3. ride a bike 骑自行车
    4. how far 多远
    5. from home to school 从家到学校
    6. every day 每天
    7. take the bus 乘公共汽车
    8. by bike 骑自行车
    9. bus stop 公共汽车站
    10. think of 认为
    11. between…and… 在…和…之间
    12. one 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩 13.
    play with… 和…玩
    14. come true 实现
    15. have to 不得不
    ◆用法集萃
    1. take…to…= go to…by… 乘…去…
    2. How do/does sb get to…? 某人是怎样到…的?
    3. How far is it from…to…? 从…到…有多远?
    4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。 5. How long does it take to do sth.? …花费多长时间?
    6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…
    7. Thanks for + n./Ving 感谢你(做)某事。
    ◆典句必背
    1. —How do you get to school? 你怎么去上学?
    —I ride my bike. 我骑自行车。
    2. How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远?
    3. How long does it take you to get to school? 去上学花费你多久?
    4. For many students, it is easy to get to school. 对很多学生来说，很容易到达学校。
    5. There is a very big river between their school and the village. 在他们学校和村庄之间有一条很大的河流。
    ◆话题写作
    主题：上学的交通方式
    写作思路：②开篇点题：点出自己的出行方式;②具体内容：自己选择这种交通方式的原因;③结束语: 表明自己的观点。
    The Best Way for Me to Go to School
    Different students go to school in different ways in our school, but I llike to go to school on foot.
    First, I live near the school, so my home is not far from my school. And it takes me a few minutes to get there. Second, there is a crossing on my way to school, and sometimes the traffic is very busy. I think it is safer to go to school on foot. Third, I think walking is good for my health. It’s a kind of sport and it makes me study better.
    So in my opinion, the best way to go to school is on foot. What about you?
    Unit4 Don’t eat in class.
    ◆短语归纳
    1. on time 准时，按时
    2. listen to… 听……
    3. in class 在课上
    4. be late for 做……迟到
    5. have to 不得不
    6. be quiet 安静
    7. go out 外出
    8. do the dishes 清洗餐具
    9. make brea
    七年级下册英语语法知识点
    一、词法
    1、名词
    A)、名词的数
    我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
    一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans,apples, bananas
    二)x,sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
    三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es　如：baby-babies, family-families,duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
    2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
    四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
    五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives,half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
    六)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
    七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
    八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
    九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
    十)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类,paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,　orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线lights灯, people人 peoples民族,　time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉　chickens小鸡
    十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
    十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
    B)名词的格
    当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
    一)单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
    二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节,classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
    三)由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
    2、代词
    项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词
    人称主格宾格形容词名词性
    第一人称单数 I me my mine myself
    复数 we us our ours ourselves
    第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself
    复数 you you youur yours yourselves
    第三人称单数 she her her hers herself
    he him his his himself
    it it its its this that itself
    复数 they them their theirs these thosethemselves
    3、动词
    A)第三人称单数
    当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
    一)一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees,dances, trains
    二)在x,sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches,washes, wishes, finishes
    三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
    2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
    四)以o结尾加es。如：does, goes
    五)特殊的有：are-is, have-has
    B)现在分词
    当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
    一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing,see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching,go-going, do-doing
    二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing,write-writing, have-having
    三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning
    四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系　die-dying死　lie-lying 位于
    4、形容词的级
    我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：
    一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter –shortest, taller –tallest,longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
    二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
    三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly mostfriendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
    四)特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
    good/well -better best many/much - more most 　bad/ill– worse worst
    little- lessleast old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
    初一下册英语单词知识点