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标题 高中英语语法独立主格结构知识点
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    知识和能力是一点一点积累起来的，要注意有扎实的基础，要注意复习和巩固，不能急于求成。下面小编给大家分享一些高中英语语法独立主格结构知识，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!
    
    高中英语语法独立主格结构知识1
    一、非谓语动词独立主格结构
    在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
    Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.
    有这么能干的人来帮你,你迟早一定会成功的。
    (such an able man和to help you之间存在着主谓关系)
    =Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
    He seating himself atthe desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
    他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。
    (seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”)
    =When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
    The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.
    由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。
    (lost的逻辑主语是the key，lost也可以用完成式having been lost)
    =Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.
    (一)不定式“独立主格结构”
    在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
    动词不定式用主动的形式：
    在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
    His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.
    他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。
    (= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.)
    —will you go to the concert tonight?
    —sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I really can't afford any time.
    —你今晚去听音乐会吗?
    —对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。
    (=Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.)
    The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book.
    我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
    (=The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.)
    Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
    种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。
    (=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)
    (二)-ing形式“独立主格结构”
    动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
    Being ill, he went home.
    由于生病,他回家了。
    (=As he was very ill, he went home.)
    Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.
    在课桌旁坐好后，他开始看杂志。
    (= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.)
    1、表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
    Everyone being ready,the teacher began his class.
    每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。
    (相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)
    The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.
    每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。
    (相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated)
    2、表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
    The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
    由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。
    (相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way)
    Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.
    许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。
    (相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him)
    【必背】含有being的独立主格结构。
    It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded.
    今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。
    (= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.)
    There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.
    没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。
    (= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.)
    3、表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
    Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.
    时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。
    (相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits)
    My health allowing, I will work far into the night.
    我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。
    (相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows)
    4、表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
    The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.
    学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。
    (相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest)
    The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.
    男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。
    (相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky)
    (三)-ed形式“独立主格结构”
    与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
    The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.
    该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。
    (= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.)
    The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
    由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
    (= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.)
    He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
    他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
    (= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.)
    The task completed,he had two months' leave.
    任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假。
    (=When the task had been completed,he had two months' leave.)
    【比较】动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
    The manager looks worried，many things to settle.
    经理看上去很着急,有这么多的事情要处理。
    (事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式to settle)
    The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.
    许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。
    (事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)
    The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
    小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。
    (两个动作同时进行)
    The food cooked, the boy went to bed.
    饭做好了，小孩去睡了。
    (两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的)
    高中英语语法独立主格结构知识2
    二、 动词独立主格结构
    “逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中，being往往可以被省去，这种省去being的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。
    (一)逻辑主语+名词
    Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
    十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。
    (the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being)
    【注意】独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being +名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
    There being no bus, we had to walk home.
    由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
    It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.
    因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。
    (二)逻辑主语+形容词
    He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.
    他睡眼惺忪地转向我。
    (his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being)
    = He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.
    He stood there, his mouth wide open.
    他站在那里，嘴张得大大的。
    (his mouth和wide open之间省去了being)
    = He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.
    (三)逻辑主语+副词
    School over, we all went home.
    放学了，我们都回家了。
    (school和over之间省去了being)
    = School was over, and we all went home.
    He sat at his desk, his shoes off.
    他坐在课桌旁，没穿鞋子。
    (his shoes和off之间省去了being)
    = He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.
    (四)逻辑主语+介词短语
    He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.
    他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。
    = He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.
    The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.
    新老师面带微笑走了进来。
    = The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.
    The teacher came into the classroom，a rule in his hand.
    老师走进教室，手里拿着一把直尺。
    = The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.
    【提示】在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，如果名词用单数，可以不用冠词，同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。
    The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.
    音乐老师站在门口,手里拿着一把小提琴。
    (=The music teacher stood at the door, a violinin his hand.)
    高中英语语法独立主格结构知识3
    三、with/without 引导的独立主格结构
    介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。
    (一)with+名词代词+形容词
    He doesn't like to sleep with the windows open.
    他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
    = He doesn't like to sleep when the windows are open.
    He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
    他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。
    = He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.
    【注意】在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
    With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.
    由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
    With his father well-known, the boy didn't want to study.
    父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。
    (二)with+名词代词+副词
    Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.
    所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。
    = Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.
    The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
    父亲在前，小孩在后走着。
    =The boy was walking and his father was ahead.
    (三)with+名词代词+介词短语
    He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.
    或He stood at the door, computer in hand.
    他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。
    = He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.
    Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
    或Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.
    文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。
    = Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.
    (四)with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式
    With his homework done, Peter went out to play.
    作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。
    = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.
    With the signal given, the train started.
    信号发出了，火车开始起动了。
    = After the signal was given, the train started.
    I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.
    工作还没完成，我不敢回家。
    = I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.
    (五)with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式
    The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.
    有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。
    = The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.
    The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
    小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。
    = The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.
    Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
    他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。
    = When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.
    (六)with+名词代词+动词不定式
    The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
    有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。
    = The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.
    The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
    有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。
    =The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.
    【提示】在with/without的复合结构中，多数情况下with能省略，但without不能省略。
    
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