Gammarids were additionally collected with a long hand net at several knownsticklebackbreeding grounds.From theCambridge English Corpus
 The sampling places of the copepods and infected sticklebacks were about 80 km apart.From theCambridge English Corpus
 Survival is essential for transmission to thesticklebackhost, which only feeds on live copepods.From theCambridge English Corpus
 The parasite uses thesticklebackas an intermediate host between copepods and the final host, piscivorous birds.From theCambridge English Corpus
 Other studies examining growth in experimentally infected sticklebacks have not provided standardized rations, making comparison with the present study difficult.From theCambridge English Corpus
 The sampling places of the copepods and infected sticklebacks were about 2 km apart and the two water bodies were connected.From theCambridge English Corpus
 This facilitates predation by the subsequent host, the three-spinedstickleback.From theCambridge English Corpus
 One singly infected copepod was fed to each of 30 of the selected sticklebacks and the remaining fish (sham-exposed controls) were fed parasite-free copepods.From theCambridge English Corpus
 However, neither of these studies was designed to examine the effect of a standard ration on growth patterns ofsticklebackhosts and their plerocercoids.From theCambridge English Corpus
 Each juvenilesticklebackwas simultaneously exposed to 2 experimentally infected copepods, one harbouring outcrossed the other selfed parasites.From theCambridge English Corpus
 Predation risk affects courtship and attractiveness of competing threespinesticklebackmales.From theCambridge English Corpus
 Patients are emotional kin to chimps and sticklebacks, and beneficiaries of the spandrels of anger in service of social co-operation.From theCambridge English Corpus
 The parasite has a complex life-cycle involving a cyclopoid copepod (first intermediate host) and the three-spinedstickleback(second intermediate host).From theCambridge English Corpus
 Parasite surfaces were compared in worms derived from different sibships that were bred in the laboratory from parents obtained from a naturally infected population ofsticklebackhosts.From theCambridge English Corpus
 Indirect fitness consequences of mate choice in sticklebacks : offspring of brighter males grow slowly but resist parasite infections.From theCambridge English Corpus
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