高中英语副词的知识点

    副词(Adverb 简称adv.)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。下面小编给大家分享一些高中英语副词的知识，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!
    
    高中英语副词的知识1
    形容词副词的比较级和最高级
    1.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，在重读闭音节(即：辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
    如：
    big→bigger→biggest
    hot→hotter→hottest
    fat→fatter→fattest
    sad→sadder→saddest
    mad→madder →maddest
    wet→wetter→wettest
    2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，加er，如：
    easy-easier
    happy-happier
    funny-funnier
    early-earlier
    busy-busier
    dirty-dirtier(更脏)
    heavy-heavier(更重)
    healthy-healthier
    friendly-friendlier
    angry ugly,
    但是：shy-shyer.
    以元音字母+y结尾时，y不变，直接加er或est。如grey----greyer
    3.、不规则变化
    good/well— better—best
    bad/badly/ill—worse—worst
    many/much— more—most
    old—older/elder—oldest/eldest
    little— less —least
    far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
    2、单音节不规则变化
    tired—more tired—most tired
    fond —more fond—most fond
    glad—more glad—most glad
    bored— more bored—most bored
    pleased —more pleased—most pleased
    3、两种变化(少数几个双音节词以及以er或le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级)
    cruel -crueler-cruelest/more cruel-most cruel
    strict-stricter-strictest/more strict-most strict
    often-oftener-oftenest/more often-most often
    friendly-friendlier-friendliest/more friendly-most friendly
    clever-cleverer-cleverest/more clever-most clever
    4、没有比较级
    empty wrong perfect unique extreme excellent favourite favorite true right correct extremely possible first final last empty wooden
    5、在原级形容词之前加less, least构成的比较级与最高级成为“较低级”与“最低级”形式。
    如：kind---less kind---least kind
    useful---less useful----least useful
    高中英语副词的知识2
    形容词+ly购成副词的规则
    1. 辅音字母+y easy happy, heavy, busy 但是shyly, dryly
    2. le结尾去e加y。simple, gentle，但是whole wholly
    3. 元音字母+e结尾，true-truly，但duely
    4. i，c结尾的加ally, 如basic scientific automatic energetic
    5. 以le结尾的形容词
    大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
    改错：
    (错) She sang lovely.
    (错) He spoke to me very friendly.
    (对) Her singing was lovely.
    (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
    friendly友好的---a friendly smile友好的微笑
    fatherly像父亲的---a fatherly teacher一位父亲式的教师
    lovely可爱的---a lovely girl一位可爱的姑娘
    lively活泼的---a lively child一位活泼的小孩
    lonely孤独的---a lonely traveller一位孤独的旅客
    deadly致命的---a deadly blow致命的一击
    silly傻的，无聊的---a silly question愚蠢的问题
    orderly秩序的---an orderly mind有条不紊的头脑
    manly男子气概的---a manly person具有男子气概的人
    daily每日的---daily work日常工作
    weekly每星期的---a weekly magazine周刊
    yearly每年的---a yearly income年收入daily, monthly, early
    smell-smelly adj.发臭的, 有臭味的
    sound-soundly 完好地; 健全地; 稳健地; 坚固地; 彻底地; 正确地; 确实地,厉害地,酣畅地berate sb. soundly痛骂某人一顿
    拓展：
    英语中部分特殊形式的比较意义和最高级的表达
    1.A is senior/junior to B;
    A比B年龄或级别大(高)/A比B年龄或级别小(低)
    如：He is 3 years senior to me. 他比我大三岁。
    A is superior / inferior to B A优于/劣于B
    如： Beijing is superior to any other city in hosting the Olympic Games.在举办奥运会上，北京比其他任何城市都做得好。
    2.A is to B what C is to D.
    意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”
    如：Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.
    发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。
    3.can't be too+adj. = can't be+adj.+enough
    无论……都不为过，越……越……。 如：
    You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。
    4. too…to句型的两个意义
    (1)表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能”。
    如：This question is too hard for me to understand.
    这个问题太难，我理解不了。
    (2)表示肯定意义，意为“非常，很，极”。
    当too后面接easy，ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时，too表示“很，非常”之意，与very表达“很”的意思相同。当too前有all, but, only等词时，形成only/but/all too…to do结构，仍旧表达“非常，很，极”之意。
    如：I'm too glad to hear the news.听到这条消息我非常高兴。
    5.与than有关的短语
    (1)more…than…是……而不是……;与其说……不如说……。
    no more…than…不是……也不是……/与……同样不
    not more...than 不如……
    如：That little girl is more tired than hungry.
    那个小女孩是累了而不是饿了。(与其说那个小女孩饿了，还不如说她累了。)
    He is no more deligent than Tom.他和Tom都不勤奋。
    He is no more a teacher than a worker.他既不是老师也不是工人。
    He is not more deligent than Tom.他不如Tom勤奋。
    He is not more a teacher teacher than a worker.与其说他是教师，不如说是工人。
    (2)more than 超过，不仅仅是
    no more than=only 只不过(言其少)
    not more than=at most 不多于，至多(指事实)
    She is more than a friend to me, she is my family.
    The room is no more than a barn.
    (3) less than (数量)不到……，不足……;一点也不
    no less than (数量)不少于……,至少
    =not less than=at least
    (4)less ……than 不如……;比……少;不是……而是……
    No less...than=not less than (至少)不比……差，和……一样
    He is less a teacher than an expert.
    He is more an expert than a teacher.与其说他确实老师，不如说是专家。
    He is no less active than he used to be.
    他和以前一样积极。
    例1.I'm afraid you've got the wrong person. I am no more a scientist than a mathematician.
    [解析] 此处是no more…than…结构，表示“不是……也不是……”或“与……同样不”之意，故or改为than。句意：恐怕你们搞错了，我既不是什么科学家，也不是什么数学家。
    6.The weather is turning ever colder and colder, and people have to make a fire in their homes in advance.
    [解析] 此处是 “(ever)+比较级+and+比较级”结构，表示“日益”之意，故cold and cold改为colder and colder。句意：天气变得越来越冷，人们纷纷提前在家里生起了火。
    7.比较级和否定词连用表示最高级意义
    【误】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a good boss.
    【正】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.
    [解析] 此处是用比较级的形式表达最高级的含义，所以把good改为better。句意：为斯蒂文森先生工作太棒了，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。