高三英语理科知识点总结


    古今中外,凡成就事业,对人类有作为的无一不是脚踏实地艰苦攀登的结果。. 勤能补拙是良训,一分辛劳一分才。好学而不勤问非真好学者。以下是小编给大家整理的高三英语理科知识点总结,希望能帮助到你!
    高三英语理科知识点总结1
    疑问代词概说
    "疑问代词有who(谁,主格),whom(谁,宾格),whose(谁的,所有格),what(什么)和which(哪个,哪些)等。
    疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中
    疑问代词一般都放在句首,并在句中作为某一句子成分。如:
    Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天谁来跟我们讲话?(who作主语)
    Who told you so?是谁告诉你的?(who作主语)
    Whom are you talking about ?你们在说谁?(whom作宾语,但在句首时口语常用who代替whom)
    Whose umbrella is this ?这是谁的伞?(whose作定语)
    What is that? 那是什么?(what作表语)
    What did he say?他说什么?(what作宾语)
    Which is yours,the blue pen or the redone?蓝笔和红笔哪一支是你的?(which作主语)
    [注一]关于疑问代词的各种用法,可参看77.70-77.72。
    [注二]疑问代词who,what,which等后面加单词ever,可强调语气,表达说话人的各种感情。如:
    What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?
    Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找谁?
    [注三]which表示在一定范围之内的选择,what则没有这种限制。如:
    What do you usually have for lunch?你们午饭通常吃些什么?
    Which do you like best?你最喜欢哪一个?
    Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你们同志们中间谁是东北人?
    疑问代词可以引导一个间接疑问句
    间接疑问句在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。疑问代词本身在间接疑问句中又担任一定的句子成分。如:
    Who will be in charge of the work is still not decided.谁将负责这项工作,现在还没有决定。(疑问代词who引导一个主语从句,它本身又在从句中用作主语。)
    Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字吗?(疑问代词what引导一个宾语从句,而它本身又在从句中用作表语。)
    [注一] what所引导的名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句) 有时不是间接疑问句。如:
    What he says is quite true.他所讲的话很对。(what相当于that which。它引导一个主语从句,这个从句不是间接疑问句。)
    Children do what the nurse tells them to do.保育员让孩子干什么他们就做什么。(what引导一个宾语从句,这个从句也不是间接疑问句。)
    [注二] whatever,whoever,whichever等词可引导名词性从句。这些名词性从句也不是间接疑问句。whatever,whoever,whichever也可引导表示让步的状语从句。见15.65和15.72)如:
    They eat whatever they can find.他们找到什么就吃什么。(whatever引导一个宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)
    I've got plenty of books 1eft.Whoever wants an extra copy can get one from me.我还剩下许多书,谁还想再要一本可来拿。(whoever引导一个主语从句,并在从句中作主语。)
    高三英语理科知识点总结2
    虚拟条件句
    条件状语从句是非真实情况,在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
    l-条件从句与现在事实不一致,句型为:If+主语十过去时,tiag+should (could,would,或might)+动词原形,例如:If l were you,1 would study hard.
    2.条件从句与过去事实不一致,句型为:If+主语+had+过去分词,主语+should(could, would,或might)+have+过去分词,例如:If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term
    3.条件从句与将来事实不一致,句型为:lf+主语+should/were to+do,主语+should( could.)+原形do,例如:If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes.
    注意:
    1.If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
    2-根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但都遵守上述句型。
    3.在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if'
    将这些词提前置于句首构成倒装,例如:w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球,我就可以亲眼目睹它的样子了。
    高三英语理科知识点总结3
    一 全部倒装
    全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:
    1. here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如:
    1) There goes the bell. 铃声渐渐消失了。
    2) Then came the chairman. 然后主席就来了
    3) Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
    2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。例如:
    1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机下面发出了一颗导弹。
    2) Ahead sat an old woman.
    注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如:
    1) Here he comes. 他来了。
    2) Away they went. 他们走了。二 部分倒装
    部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
    1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如:
    1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没看过这样的表演。
    2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案。
    3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。
    注意:当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
    注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如:
    1) I have never seen such a performance.我从来没看过这样的表演。
    2) The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。
    2. 带有否定意义的词放在句首,语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有: not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如:
    1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他不仅拒收了礼品,还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
    2) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚要出门时有个学生来找她。
    3) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚要走时一个学生来看她。
    注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。例如:
    Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜欢音乐。
    3. 表示"也"、"也不" 的so, neither, nor放在句首时,句子作部分倒装。例如:
    1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能说法语,我也能。
    2) If you won't go, neither will I. 如果你不去,我也不去。
    注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。例如:
    1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom让我去踢足球,我去了。
    2) ---It's raining hard.   ---So it is. ---雨下得很大。 ---的确很大。
    4. only放在句首,强调状语(副词,介词短语或状语从句等),全句语序要部分倒装。例如:
    Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。
    Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被请了三次才来开会。
    注意:如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装
    Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。
    三 as, though 引导的倒装句
    as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。此时应注意:1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词;2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如:
    Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 尽管他愿意努力工作,但是他好像从来都不能令他的工作満意。
    注意: 让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。四 其他部分倒装
    1. so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。例如:
    So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得动都不敢动。
    2. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中,例如:
    May you all be happy. 望大家开心愉快。
    3. 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。例如:
    Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你,我就再试一次。